为什么2026年开发者都应该学Rust？一篇让你入门的完整指南

# 安装Rust
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# 验证安装
rustc --version
cargo --version

cargo new hello_rust
cd hello_rust

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, 2026!");
    
    // 变量绑定
    let name = "Rustacean";
    let year = 2026;
    
    println!("Welcome, {} in {}!", name, year);
    
    // ownership演示
    let s1 = String::from("hello");
    let s2 = s1; // s1移动到s2
    
    // 编译错误！s1不再有效
    // println!("{}", s1);
    
    println!("{}", s2); // 正常工作
    
    // 借用示例
    let s3 = String::from("borrow");
    let len = calculate_length(&s3);
    println!("The length of '{}' is {}", s3, len);
}

// 借用&引用
fn calculate_length(s: &String) -> usize {
    s.len()
}

cargo run

fn main() {
    // s1是所有者
    let s1 = String::from("hello");
    
    // s2获得所有权，s1失效
    let s2 = s1;
    
    // 编译错误！
    // println!("{}", s1);
    
    // OK
    println!("{}", s2);
}

fn main() {
    let s1 = String::from("hello");
    
    // &s1创建引用，s1仍然有效
    let len = get_length(&s1);
    
    // s1仍然可以使用！
    println!("The length of '{}' is {}", s1, len);
}

fn get_length(s: &String) -> usize {
    s.len()
}

use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer, Responder};

async fn hello() -> impl Responder {
    "Hello from Rust!"
}

async fn greet(name: web::Path<String>) -> impl Responder {
    format!("Hello, {}!", name)
}

#[actix_web::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    HttpServer::new(|| {
        App::new()
            .route("/", web::get().to(hello))
            .route("/{name}", web::get().to(greet))
    })
    .bind("127.0.0.1:8080")?
    .run()
    .await
}

[dependencies]
actix-web = "4"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }